Non-authoritative list for me to keep track of what is mined how. Elite Dangerous Odyssey etc.
The following can be mined using mining lasers:
Low Temperature Diamonds
Platinum
Osmium
Cobalt
Gold
Silver
Palladium
Samarium
Coltan
Indite
Lepidolite
Lithium Hydroxide
Methane Clathrate
Methanol Monohydrate Crystals
Painite
Rutile
The following can be mined with deep core mining:
Void Opals
Monazite
Benitoite
Serendibite
Rhodplumsite
Alexandrite
Musgravite
Grandidierite